Review of Methods and
Various Catalysts Used for Chalcone Synthesis
Author(s):
Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari, Malina Jasamai,
Ibrahim Jantan and Waqas Ahmad Pages 73 - 83 ( 11 )
Abstract:
Chalcones are the main precursors for the
biosynthesis of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Chalcones comprise of a three
carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. These are the condensation products of
aromatic aldehyde with acetophenones in the presence of catalyst. They go through
a variety of chemical reactions and are found beneficial in synthesis of
pyrazoline, isoxazole and an assortment of heterocyclic compounds. Chalcones
play pivotal role in synthesizing a range of remedial compounds. They have
exhibited impressive curative efficacy for the treatment of numerous diseases.
Chalcone based derivatives have gained focus since they possess simple
structures and sundry pharmacological actions. A number of techniques and
schemes have been reported for the synthesis of these compounds. Amongst all
the stated methods, Aldol condensation and Claisen-Schmidt condensation still
hold high position. Other renowned techniques include Suzuki reaction, Witting
reaction, Friedel-Crafts acylation with cinnamoyl chloride, Photo-Fries
rearrangement of phenyl cinnamates etc. These innovative techniques employ
various catalysts and reagents including SOCl2 natural phosphate, lithium
nitrate, amino grafted zeolites, zinc oxide, water, Na2CO3, PEG400,
silicasulfuric acid, ZrCl4 and ionic liquid etc. The development of improved
strategies for the synthesis of α, β- unsaturated carbonyl compounds is still
in demand. Briefly, we have explained the methods and catalysts used in the
synthesis of chalcones in a review form to provide information for the development
of new-fangled processes aiming better yield, less reaction time and minimum
side effects.
Keywords:
Chalcones, claisen-schmidt condensation,
flavonoids, anticancer, anti- inflammatory
Affiliation:
Faculty of pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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